00:00:00 slide 001

JUMP DIRECTLY TO SLIDE First Slide Defenses & suffering in AA today! Shivering-Unpleasant but useful How much shivering is best? 00:02:54 Sophomore invertebrate biology Why is there aging? Medical school Hanging out with evolutionary biologists My Q: Why is there aging? Natural Selection Selection is everywhere Awe at the body s perfection Horror at the body s flaws: You could do better in one afternoon Why has natural selection left the body so vulnerable? Disease and evolution Darwinian Medicine 00:11:05 Two Kinds of Explanation Needed New Questions About Disease Six Reasons for Vulnerability For Lumpers: 3 Reasons for Vulnerability 6. Defenses and suffering Defenses vs. Defects DEFENSE REGULATION Defenses and Suffering Pain Fixed defenses Inducible Defenses (Tollrian, Harvell, Clark, Dill, Lima, Pulliam, et al.) Stress If stress is so useful, why not express it all the time? Fever Diarrhea Anxiety Fear of Heights 00:02:54 The First Noble Truth The Clinical Illusion (that Defenses are Defects) 00:22:23 The Knowledge Gap Illustrated (From the 2003 Bennett award paper) The Mystery How Should Defense Regulation Have Been Shaped by Natural Selection? What if the Cue is Unreliable? At what p(Harm) is Defense Expression Worthwhile? Should you flee from a noise? The Smoke Detector Principle Signal Detection Theory Green and Swets, 1966 Optimal Response Threshold What if the Defense is Expressed in Gradations? Regulation of Defenses: The Perils of Positive Feedback Immune responses Nausea and Vomiting Depression Implications Pharmacological Utopia? The Future Take-home points        synchronize video with current slide